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Spanish citizenship
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Spanish citizenship by residence is available to a Ukrainian citizen after 10 years of legal, continuous residence in Spain immediately before the application (Article 22 of the Civil Code). You must pass the DELE Spanish exam at level A2 or higher and the CCSE test on the Constitution and Spanish society, show good civic conduct and, after the decision, take an oath and declare that you renounce your previous nationality (Article 23). Shorter periods apply to refugees (5 years), spouses of Spanish nationals (1 year of marriage and residence) and some other groups. The application is filed electronically, and the law allows up to 1 year for a decision. Checked against the BOE on 9 October 2026.
What we do
- Count your legal residence and check continuity.
- Check whether a shorter period applies to you.
- Prepare the birth certificate with legalisation and translation, and other documents.
- File the electronic application and answer requests until the decision.
- Support the oath and the Civil Registry entry.
What we need from you
- Passport and TIE cards for the whole period of residence.
- Birth certificate.
- DELE A2 and CCSE certificates, or a plan to sit them.
- Marriage, children and shorter-period documents, if any.
Residence periods for citizenship
| Category | Legal residence required |
|---|---|
| General rule, including Ukrainian citizens | 10 years |
| Recognised refugees | 5 years |
| Nationals of Latin American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal; Sephardic Jews | 2 years |
| Spouses of Spanish nationals (one year of marriage without legal or de facto separation), people born in Spain, widows and widowers of Spanish nationals, descendants of Spaniards by origin | 1 year |
In every case residence must be legal, continuous and immediately precede the application (Article 22.3). Temporary protection and years spent before a residence permit are assessed case by case.
Requirements
- Language: DELE diploma at A2 or higher. Exempt: holders of DELE A2 or above and nationals of Spanish-speaking countries.
- CCSE test: knowledge of the Constitution, state organisation, history and culture of Spain; 60% of questions on the Constitution and state organisation, 40% on culture, history and society. Both exams are run by the Instituto Cervantes.
- Good civic conduct and sufficient integration (Article 22.4).
- Documents: legalised and translated birth certificate, passport, proof of fee payment.
For children under 14 the parents sign the application and attach a school certificate on integration; from 14 to 18 both the child and the representative sign.
Renouncing Ukrainian citizenship
Article 23 of the Civil Code sets three conditions for acquiring nationality: an oath or promise of loyalty to the King and obedience to the Constitution and laws, a declaration renouncing the previous nationality, and entry in the Spanish Civil Registry. Only nationals of the countries listed in Article 24.1 (Latin America, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal) and Sephardic Jews are exempt from renunciation. Ukrainian citizens make this declaration before the Spanish registry. How it interacts with Ukrainian nationality law is assessed in each case.
Procedure
Years of legal residence, permit grounds and absences.
DELE A2 and CCSE at Instituto Cervantes centres, in person or remotely where the Instituto allows it.
Documents are uploaded to the Ministry of Justice electronic file; the law gives 3 months to correct a deficiency.
The Minister of Justice decides within up to 1 year; no decision within that period counts as refusal, which can be challenged in court.
Within 180 days of notification: oath, renunciation declaration and Civil Registry entry.
Citizenship through permanent residence
The 10 years are usually made up of temporary permits and long-term residence, granted after 5 years. The starting permit depends on your situation: non-lucrative, digital nomad, entrepreneur or self-employed. Since 16 April 2026 Ukrainians with temporary protection may switch to these permits from within Spain.
Related services
All lawful routes.
Long-term residence after 5 years.
Temporary residence grounds.
A birth certificate with apostille and translation can be prepared with RegServ.
Sources (as of 9 October 2026): Spanish Civil Code, Articles 22–24; Royal Decree 1004/2015 on the citizenship-by-residence procedure; Immigration Regulation, 19th additional provision; Organic Law 1/2025.
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